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1 praeceps
praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].I.Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):B.praecipitem trahi,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:aliquem praecipitem deicere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:praeceps ad terram datus,
dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,
Ov. M. 12, 128:hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,
threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:aliquem in praeceps jacere,
headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,jacto in praeceps corpore,
id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:in praeceps deferri,
Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:abiit grex per praeceps in mare,
Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,
Cat. 17, 9:se jacere praecipitem e vertice,
id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:ab equo praeceps decidit,
Ov. Ib. 259:(apes) praecipites Cadunt,
Verg. G. 4, 80:aliquem praecipitem agere,
to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:praecipites se fugae mandabant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 24:Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,
Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:praeceps amensque cucurri,
Ov. M. 7, 844:praeceps Fertur,
is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:nuntii,
Tac. H. 2, 6.—Transf., of inanim. things.1.Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:b.in declivi ac praecipiti loco,
Caes. B. G. 4, 33:via (opp. plana),
Cic. Fl. 42, 105:saxa,
Liv. 38, 23:fossae,
Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:iter,
Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:loci,
Col. 1, 2:mons,
Plin. Pan. 16.—Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:2.turrim in praecipiti stantem,
Verg. A. 2, 460:specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,
Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:in praeceps pervenitur,
Vell. 2, 3, 4:immane,
Juv. 10, 107:altissimum,
App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,
Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—Sinking, declining:3.(in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,
Col. 5, 6, 33:sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,
Verg. G. 3, 359:jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,
Liv. 10, 42:dies,
id. 4, 9; cf.:senectus,
Curt. 6, 5, 3. —In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;II. A.syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,
Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:Boreas,
Ov. M. 2, 185:nox,
fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:procella,
Stat. Th. 5, 419:oceani fragor,
Val. Fl. 3, 404:letum,
Sen. Hippol. 262:remedium,
Curt. 3, 6, 2.—In gen. (class.):B.noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,
almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,
chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,
to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,
am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:praeceps celeritas dicendi,
Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,
sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—In partic.1.Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:2.homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,
Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:praeceps consilium et immaturum,
Suet. Aug. 8:cogitatio,
id. Calig. 48:audacia,
Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—Inclined to any thing:3. b.praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,
Liv. 26, 38:praeceps ingenio in iram,
id. 23, 7:animus ad flagitia praeceps,
Tac. A. 16, 21.—Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.(α).Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:(β).se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,
brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:aeger est in praecipiti,
Cels. 2, 6.—The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):1.omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,
at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,
to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.Lit.:2.aliquem praeceps trahere,
Tac. A. 4, 62:ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,
Tac. A. 4, 62:toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,
Verg. A. 4, 253.—Trop.:eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,
brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:praeceps in exsilium acti,
suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21.
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